As complementary candidates to LIBs, sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) hold the promise for large-scale energy storage, such as national and smart grids 3, 4, 5, 6.
ADJUSTING LATTICE PARAMETER CRYSTALMAKER PORTABLE
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) dominate the markets for portable electronics and electric vehicles 1, 2. This work demonstrates that engineering the spacings of alkali-metal layer is an effective strategy to stabilize the structure of layered transition metal oxides. In addition, the water-mediated strategy is feasible to other layered sodium oxides and the obtained S-NMO electrode has an excellent tolerance to humidity. Therefore, the S-NMO electrode exhibits improved Na + mobility and near-zero-strain property during charge-discharge processes, which leads to outstanding rate capability (100 mAh g −1 at the operation time of 6 min) and cycling stability (>3000 cycles). This strategy expands the Na + layer spacings of P2-type Na 0.67MnO 2 and transforms the particles into accordion-like morphology. Here we report a shale-like Na xMnO 2 (S-NMO) electrode that is derived from a simple but effective water-mediated strategy. Suppressing undesirable phase transformations during charge-discharge processes is a critical and fundamental challenge towards the rational design of high-performance layered oxide cathodes. Layered transition metal oxides are the most important cathode materials for Li/Na/K ion batteries.
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